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1.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 41: [10], 01/01/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1147075

ABSTRACT

Herbal medicines have been studied as potential antimicrobial agents, emerging as treatments against oral diseases. The current study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract and fractions of Mikania laevigata SchultzBip. ex Baker (ML) and Varronia curassavicaJacq (VC) against oral pathogens associated with persistent dental root infections, under planktonic and biofilm conditions. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations were determined for the ML and VC fractions/extracts against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using the microdilution method. The best results were chosen for subsequent biofilm assays. All tested ML and VC extracts/fractions demonstrated inhibitory activity against E. faecalis and A. israelii. The ML ethyl acetate fraction affected the growth of all microorganisms tested. C. albicans and P. aeruginosawere not affected by any VC extract/fractions. The ML ethyl acetate fraction eliminated E. faecalis, A.israelii, and P. aeruginosa biofilms after 24h. A similar result was observed for ML crude hydroethanolic extract and its hexane fraction for A. israelii. The VC hexane fraction was able to eliminate A. israelli biofilms. None of the tested extracts or fractions eliminated C. albicans biofilm. The Mikania laevigata ethyl acetate fraction is an efficient antimicrobial agent against oral pathogens and could be indicated for the treatment of persistent dental infections.


Subject(s)
Mediation Analysis
2.
Araçatuba; s.n; 2018. 152 p. tab, ilus, graf.
Thesis in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-911430

ABSTRACT

O tratamento endodôntico de dentes permanentes jovens representa um grande desafio clínico devido a presença de paredes dentinárias finas, divergentes ou paralelas e ápice aberto, o que dificulta a desinfecção e a execução dos procedimentos convencionais. Terapias de regeneração endodôntica envolvem o uso de materiais capazes de promover uma desinfecção eficaz sem causar citotoxicidade, além de induzir a diferenciação de células-tronco ou bioestimular células remanescentes do tecido pulpar mesmo após a injúria. Nesse contexto, os flavonoides, polifenóis presentes em frutas e vegetais, poderiam ser agentes interessantes para o tratamento endodôntico de dentes imaturos devido a sua amplitude terapêutica. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano, citotóxico e indutor de mineralização de flavonoides com finalidade de aplicação endodôntica. Este trabalho de tese foi dividido em três capítulos. O capítulo 1 avaliou a toxicidade dos flavonoides taxifolina, crisina, pinocembrina e galangina sobre fibroblastos pelo ensaio de MTT, a atividade antimicrobiana pela determinação da concentração inibitória e bactericida mínima, e a ação antibiofilme do flavonoide com melhor efeito antimicrobiano, por meio de ensaios em placas de poliestireno e em dentina radicular bovina por meio da análise por microscopia confocal. Os resultados mostraram que o flavonoide taxifolina não foi tóxico para os fibroblastos em nenhuma das concentrações analisadas, enquanto que os flavonoides crisina, pinocembrina e galangina apresentaram efeitos citotóxicos. Crisina, pinocembrina e galangina não apresentaram efeito antimicrobiano frente E. faecalis and S. mutans nas concentrações testadas. A taxifolina foi capaz de inibir todas as bactérias testadas, eliminar biofilmes de E. faecalis e S. mutans em placas de poliestireno e reduzir significantemente o biofilme de E. faecalis em túbulos dentinários. O capítulo 2 avaliou a citotoxicidade do flavonoide taxifolina e o seu potencial sobre a indução de marcadores de mineralização dentinária (produção de fosfatase alcalina - ALP, nódulos de mineralização ­ NM e expressão dos genes DSPP ­ sialofosfoproteína dentinária e DMP-1 ­ proteína da matriz dentinária - 1) em células semelhantes a odontoblastos MDPC-23, após tratamentos de 24, 72h e contínuo. A taxifolina não apresentou citotoxicidade em nenhum dos três tipos de tratamento analisados. Todas as concentrações do tratamento de 24h e as concentrações de 10 e 5µM do tratamento de 72h aumentaram a atividade de ALP. A formação de NM aumentou com os tratamentos de taxifolina à 10µM em ambos os tratamentos de 24 e 72h, e à 5µM no tratamento de 24h. A expressão de DMP-1 aumentou com o tratamento de taxifolina em ambos os tratamentos de 24 e 72h, enquanto que a de DSPP aumentou apenas com o tratamento de 72h na concentração de 5µM. O capítulo 3 avaliou a citotoxicidade da taxifolina, e o seu potencial sobre a indução de marcadores de mineralização óssea (ALP, NM e expressão dos genes ALP e colágeno 1 - Col-1) em células semelhantes a osteoblastos Saos-2, após tratamentos de 24, 72h e contínuo. Os resultados mostraram que os tratamentos com taxifolina nas concentrações de 10, 5 e 1µM não foram citotóxicos em nenhum dos períodos analisados. O tratamento de 72h da taxifolina à 10µM foi capaz de aumentar a atividade de ALP e a formação de NM, além de aumentar a expressão de Col-1 após 13 dias. O tratamento de 24h da taxifolina na concentração de 10µM aumentou a expressão de ALP após 6 dias. Conclui-se que a taxifolina é um flavonoide com potencial uso para o tratamento endodôntico de dentes permanentes jovens, devido à sua ação antimicrobiana/antibiofilme, baixa citotoxicidade e capacidade de estimular a mineralização em odontoblastos e osteoblastos(AU)


The endodontic treatment of young permanent teeth represents a great clinical challenge due to the presence of thin, divergent or parallel dentin walls and the open apex that makes it difficult to disinfect and perform conventional endodontic procedures. Endodontic regeneration therapies involve the use of materials capable of promoting effective disinfection without causing cytotoxicity, in addition to inducing differentiation of stem cells or biostimulating remaining pulp tissue cells even after injury. In this context, the flavonoids, polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables, could be interesting agents for the endodontic treatment of immature teeth due to the wide therapeutic use. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and capacity of mineralization induction of flavonoids for endodontic application. This thesis was divided into three chapters. The chapter 1 evaluated the toxicity of taxifolin, chrysin, pinocembrin and galangin flavonoids on fibroblasts by the MTT method, antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and analyzed the antibiofilm action of the flavonoid with the best antimicrobial effect, by means of the biofilm assays in polystyrene plates and in bovine root dentin and confocal microscopy analysis. The results showed that the flavonoid taxifolin was not toxic on fibroblasts in any tested concentration, while chrysin, pinocembrin and galangin flavonoids showed cytotoxic effects. Chrysin, pinocembrin and galangin showed no antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis and S. mutans in any tested concentrations. Taxifolin was able to inhibit all tested bacteria, to eliminate E. faecalis and S. mutans biofilms on polystyrene plates and significantly reduce E. faecalis biofilms from the dentin tubules. The chapter 2 evaluated the cytotoxicity of taxifolin and its potential on the induction of dentin mineralization markers (alkaline phosphatase production - ALP, mineralization nodules - MN and expression of genes DSPP - dentin sialophosphoprotein and DMP-1 - dentin matrix protein - 1) on odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23, after treatments of 24, 72h and continuous. Taxifolin did not present cytotoxicity at any of the three types of treatments analyzed. All concentrations of 24h-treatment and 10 and 5µM of 72htreatment increased ALP activity. NM formation increased with taxifolin treatments at 10µM in both 24 e 72h treatments, and at 5µM in the 24h-treatment. Expression of DMP-1 increased with taxifolin in both 24 e 72h-treatments, whereas DSPP expression increased only with 72h-treatment at 5µM. The chapter 3 evaluated the cytotoxicity of taxifolin and its potential on the induction of bone mineralization markers (ALP, NM and expression of ALP and collagen 1 -Col-1 genes) on Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells, after treatments of 24, 72h and continuous. The results showed that taxifolin treatments at 10, 5 and 1µM were not cytotoxic in any of the periods analyzed. The 72h-treatment of taxifolin at 10µM was able to increase ALP activity and NM formation, in addition to increasing Col-1 expression after 13 days. The 24h-treatment of taxifolin at 10µM increased ALP expression after 6 days. It is concluded that taxifolin is a flavonoid with potential use for endodontic treatment of young permanent teeth due to its antimicrobial/antibiofilm action, low cytotoxicity and ability to stimulate mineralization in odontoblasts and osteoblasts(AU)


Subject(s)
Flavonoids , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Cell Culture Techniques , Dentinogenesis , Osteogenesis
3.
Braz. dent. j ; 28(3): 372-379, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888654

ABSTRACT

Abstract Psidium cattleianum (PC) has been displaying inhibitory effect against a variety of microorganisms, but this effect has not yet been tested against endodontic pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the aqueous (PCAE) and hydroethanolic (PCHE) extracts from Psidium cattleianum (PC) leaves. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined using the microdilution broth method in order to analyze the antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans in planktonic conditions. Biofilm assays were conducted only with the extracts that were able to determine the MLC for microorganisms in planktonic conditions. Immediate and late tissue reactions against PC extracts were evaluated using edemogenic test and histological analysis of subcutaneous implants in Wistar rats. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL. The MLC obtained for PCHE inhibited 100% growth of all the tested strains, except for C. albicans. PCAE had the same effect for E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Both PC extracts were able to eliminate E. faecalis biofilms and only the PCHE eliminated P. aeruginosa biofilms. The positive controls inhibited the growth of all tested strains in MIC and MLC essays, but no CHX tested concentrations were able to eliminate A. israelii biofilm. PCAE caused a discrete increase in the edema over time, while PCHE caused a higher initial edema, which decreased progressively. Both PCAE and PCHE extracts were biocompatible, but PCHE showed better results with slight levels of inflammation at 28 days. In conclusion, PCHE was biocompatible and presented better antimicrobial effect against important pathogens associated with persistent endodontic infections


Resumo Psidium cattleianum (PC) tem apresentado atividade inibitória frente diversos microrganismos, entretanto esse efeito ainda não foi testado contra microrganismos de interesse endodôntico. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e a biocompatibilidade dos extratos aquoso (EAPC) e hidroetanólico (EHPC) das folhas de Psidium cattleianum. As concentrações inibitória mínima (CIM) e letal mínima (CLM) foram determinadas pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, com o objetivo de analisar o efeito antimicrobiano frente Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii e Candida albicans em condições planctônicas. Os ensaios de biofilme foram realizados somente com os extratos em que se determinou a CLM frente os microrganismos em condições planctônicas. Respostas teciduais imediata e tardia frente aos extratos de Psidium cattleianum foram avaliadas por teste edemogênico e análise histológica de implantes subcutâneos em ratos Wistar. Os resultados mostraram que CIM e CLM variaram entre 0,25 e 4 mg/mL. As CLMs determinadas pelo EHPC inibiram 100% do crescimento de todas as cepas testadas, exceto Candida albicans. EAPC apresentou o mesmo efeito para E. faecalis e P. aeruginosa. Ambos os extratos de PC conseguiram eliminar o biofilme de E. faecalis, e somente o EHPC eliminou o biofilme de P. aeruginosa. Os controles positivos inibiram o crescimento de todos os microrganismos testados nos ensaios de CIM e CLM, mas nenhuma das concentrações de clorexidina testadas foi capaz de eliminar o biofilme de A. israelii. O EAPC provocou um discreto aumento de edema com o tempo, enquanto EHPC provocou um edema inicial severo, que diminuiu progressivamente. Ambos os extratos EAPC e EHPC foram biocompatíveis, entretanto, EHPC apresentou melhores resultados com baixos níveis de inflamação em 28 dias. Pode-se concluir que EHPC foi biocompatível e apresentou melhor efeito antimicrobiano frente importantes patógenos associados a infecções endodônticas persistentes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Biocompatible Materials , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Psidium/chemistry , Root Canal Therapy , Actinobacteria/drug effects , Biofilms , Candida albicans/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Rats, Wistar
4.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 30(1): e38, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951978

ABSTRACT

Abstract Enterococcus faecalis are gram positive bacteria that can mostly resist endodontic therapy, inducing persistent infection in the root canal system. Endodontic sealers with antimicrobial activity may help eliminate residual microorganisms that survive endodontic treatment. The present study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of Acroseal, Sealapex and AH Plus endodontic sealers in an in vitro biofilm model. Bovine dentin specimens (144) were prepared, and twelve blocks for each sealer and each experimental time point (2, 7 and 14 days) were placed and left in contact with plates containing inoculum of E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), to induce biofilm formation. After 14 days, the samples were transferred to another plate with test sealers and kept at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 2, 7 and 14 days. The specimens without sealers were used as a control for each period. The samples were agitated in a sonicator after each experiment. The suspensions were agitated in a vortex mixer, serially diluted in saline, and triple plated onto m-Enterococcus agar. Colonyforming units were counted, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis one-way tests (p < 0.05) to determine antimicrobial potential. Sealapex showed significant differences at all the experimental time points, in comparison with all the other groups. AH Plus and Acroseal showed antimicrobial activity only on the 14th experimental day. Neither of the sealers tested were able to completely eliminate the biofilm. Sealapex showed the highest antimicrobial activity in all the experimental periods. The antimicrobial activity of all the sealers analyzed increased over time.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Root Canal Filling Materials/pharmacology , Calcium Hydroxide/pharmacology , Salicylates/pharmacology , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Biofilms/drug effects , Epoxy Resins/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Root Canal Filling Materials/chemistry , Time Factors , Materials Testing , Calcium Hydroxide/chemistry , Colony Count, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Salicylates/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Epoxy Resins/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
5.
Araçatuba; s.n; 2014. 90 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-755427

ABSTRACT

Na busca por fontes alternativas de antimicrobianos, diversos autores tem explorado o uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de várias doenças. A atividade antimicrobiana de várias espécies de plantas como, Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker e Psidium cattleianum, popularmente chamadas de erva-baleeira, guaco e de araçá, respectivamente, tem sido relatada contra diversos microrganismos orais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos hidroetanólico bruto e as suas respectivas frações aquosa, butanol, hexano e acetato de etila de Cordia verbenacea (CV) e Mikania laevigata (ML) e extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico de Psidium cattleianum (PC) contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii e Candida albicans, sob condições planctônicas e de biofilme. Os microrganismos foram analisados em condições planctônicas por meio de ensaios para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração letal mínima (CLM), pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Posteriormente, foram selecionados somente os extratos capazes de eliminar completamente cada microrganismo (CLM 100%), para a análise da atividade antimicrobiana em ensaios de biofilme. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de CIM e CLM variaram de 250 à 4000μg/ml. O biofilme formado por E. faecalis foi eliminado frente à ação dos extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico de PC e à fração acetato de etila de ML. A mesma fração de ML e o extrato hidroetanólico de PC também foram capazes de eliminar biofilme de P. aeruginosa. O mesmo ocorreu com as frações hexânicas de CV e ML e o extrato hidroetanólico de ML frente ao biofilme de A. israelii. Nenhum extrato/fração foi capaz de eliminar biofilme de C. albicans. Este estudo demonstrou o potencial antimicrobiano de extratos ou frações de Cordia verbenacea, Mikania laevigata e Psidium cattleianum, sugerindo seu emprego com finalidade endodôntica devido à sua efetividade...


Seeking for alternative sources of the antimicrobials, several authors have explored the use of herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases. The antimicrobial activity of various species of plants, such as Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker and Psidium cattleianum, known as erva-baleeira, guaco and araçá, respectively, has been reported against several oral microorganisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Cordia verbenacea (CV) and Mikania laevigata (ML) hydroethanolic crude extracts and their fractions aqueous, butanol, hexane and ethyl acetate and aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Psidium cattleianum (PC) against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans, under planktonic and biofilm conditions. The microorganisms in planktonic conditions were analyzed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) assays using the microdilution broth method. Posteriorly, only the extracts that were able to totally eliminate each microorganism (MLC 100%) were selected for the antimicrobial activity analysis in the biofilm assay. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 250 and 4000μg/ml. E. faecalis biofilm was eliminated by PC aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts and the ML ethyl acetate fraction. The same ML fraction and PC hydroethanolic extract were also able to eliminate the P. aeruginosa biofilm. The same occurred with the CV and ML hexane fractions and ML hydroethanolic extract against the A. israelii biofilm. None of the extracts/fractions were able to eliminate the C. albicans biofilm. This study confirmed the antimicrobial activity potential of Cordia verbenacea, Mikania laevigata and Psidium cattleianum, suggesting their use for endodontic purposes due to their effectiveness against pathogens associated with persistent or secondary endodontic infections...


Subject(s)
Humans , Biofilms , Candida albicans , Enterococcus faecalis , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Pulpitis
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